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Teófilo Braga
Joaquim Teófilo Fernandes Braga ((:tiˈɔfilu ˈbɾaɡɐ); 24 February 1843 – 28 January 1924) was a Portuguese writer, playwright, politician and the leader of the Republican Provisional Government after the abdication of King Manuel II, as well as the second elected President of the First Portuguese Republic, after the resignation of President Manuel de Arriaga.
==Biography==
Teófilo Braga was born in the Azores, in São José, Ponta Delgada, the son of Joaquim Manuel Fernandes Braga (probably a grandson of one of King D. João V's illegitimate children), from Braga, and Maria José da Câmara e Albuquerque, from the island of Santa Maria, another descendant of Portuguese nobility (probably traced to Infanta D. Urraca, as the genealogist Ferreira Serpa has shown). Teófilo was the 13th descendant of Diogo Gonçalves Travassos, father of D. Pedro and de Violente Velho Cabral, daughter of the Commander of Almourol, Gonçalo Velho, and descendant of Cristovão Falcão, a poet and Count of Avranches. His mother had seven children (Teófilo being the youngest), of which three died during infancy, the others being Luís, João Fernandes and Maria José.〔Lúcia Costa Melo Simas, 2007〕 Teófilo's father became a widower when Teófilo was only three years old (his mother died at the age of 31 years). Originally, his father was an artillery lieutenant and commander in Mosteiros, and quit the army after the Concession of Evoramonte, and without means, he established a nautical school and mathematics in Ponta Delgada, eventually finding a job at the local secondary school in Ponta Delgada.〔 Two years later, the older Braga wed a woman (Ricarda Joaquina Marfim Pereira) with a decidedly bad attitude to the young boy,〔Of his stepmother, Teófilo would recount that his worst experiences of instances when he was kicked by the stepmother for showing her affections, and of a situation where he would take revenge by tying her boot-strings together. Simas (2007) also referred to instances when Téofilo would cry passionately at the grave of his departed mother, promising to be successful and never to succumb to despair.〕 fathering two daughters with Ricarda (Maria da Glória and Maria do Espírito Santo).
The child took refuge in literature, and specifically in the public library in Ponta Delgada or at the home of the Viscount of Praia, where his father (for a time) was a private tutor to the Viscount's daughters.〔It is likely that at this time he became friends with the Viscount; later when he was attaining the chair of Modern Literature Teófilo would count on the Viscount as a benefactor. Simas, 2007〕 It was in the Ribeira Grande newspaper ''A Estrela Oriental'' (''The Oriental Star''), edited by former-pharmacist Francisco Maria Supico (a native of Lousã), that his first naive poem ''A Canção do Guerreiro'' ("A Song of the Warrior"), in a patriotic tone, dedicated to his brother João Fernandes Braga was published. He followed these with ''O Meteoro'' and ''O Santelmo''. At the age of 15 in 1859, in an edition paid for by the Viscount of Praia, he published a book of verses entitled ''Folhas Verdes'' ("Green Leaves") and edited by the newspaper ''A Ilha'' (''The Island''); it was a timid imitation of ''Folhas Caídas'' (''Fallen Leaves'') by noted author Almeida Garrett.
He revealed a tenacity and combative nature and was known to have been disciplined during his time at his secondary school in Ponta Delgada (where his father was teacher) for disparaging remarks made to his teacher. At the end of secondary school Teófilo hoped for future prospects, even informing his father of his intention to leave São Miguel and travel to America for a professional career (likely as a typographer or merchant).〔Amadeu Carvalho Homem, 1989〕 But his father suggested expanding his studies at the University of Coimbra, mindful of his child's lack of abilities in his preferred fields. Therefore, Teófilo Braga, student, arrived in Coimbra in April 1861, with hopes of achieving a doctorate in Theology or Law; after a year, in which he repeated his prerequisite entrance qualifications, he joined the Faculty of Law at the University. His first lodging would be at the home of Filipe de Quental (1824–1892), professor of Medicine and paternal uncle of the author Antero de Quental.
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